module Cp2223data where acm_ccs = [ "CCS", " General and reference", " Document types", " Surveys and overviews", " Reference works", " General conference proceedings", " Biographies", " General literature", " Computing standards, RFCs and guidelines", " Cross-computing tools and techniques", " Reliability", " Empirical studies", " Measurement", " Metrics", " Evaluation", " Experimentation", " Estimation", " Design", " Performance", " Validation", " Verification", " Hardware", " Printed circuit boards", " Electromagnetic interference and compatibility", " PCB design and layout", " Communication hardware, interfaces and storage", " Signal processing systems", " Digital signal processing", " Beamforming", " Noise reduction", " Sensors and actuators", " Buses and high-speed links", " Displays and imagers", " External storage", " Networking hardware", " Printers", " Sensor applications and deployments", " Sensor devices and platforms", " Sound-based input / output", " Tactile and hand-based interfaces", " Touch screens", " Haptic devices", " Scanners", " Wireless devices", " Wireless integrated network sensors", " Electro-mechanical devices", " Integrated circuits", " 3D integrated circuits", " Interconnect", " Input / output circuits", " Metallic interconnect", " Photonic and optical interconnect", " Radio frequency and wireless interconnect", " Semiconductor memory", " Dynamic memory", " Static memory", " Non-volatile memory", " Read-only memory", " Digital switches", " Transistors", " Logic families", " Logic circuits", " Arithmetic and datapath circuits", " Asynchronous circuits", " Combinational circuits", " Design modules and hierarchy", " Finite state machines", " Sequential circuits", " Reconfigurable logic and FPGAs", " Hardware accelerators", " High-speed input / output", " Programmable logic elements", " Programmable interconnect", " Reconfigurable logic applications", " Evolvable hardware", " Very large scale integration design", " 3D integrated circuits", " Analog and mixed-signal circuits", " Data conversion", " Clock generation and timing", " Analog and mixed-signal circuit optimization", " Radio frequency and wireless circuits", " Wireline communication", " Analog and mixed-signal circuit synthesis", " Application-specific VLSI designs", " Application specific integrated circuits", " Application specific instruction set processors", " Application specific processors", " Design reuse and communication-based design", " Network on chip", " System on a chip", " Platform-based design", " Hard and soft IP", " Design rules", " Economics of chip design and manufacturing", " Full-custom circuits", " VLSI design manufacturing considerations", " On-chip resource management", " On-chip sensors", " Standard cell libraries", " VLSI packaging", " Die and wafer stacking", " Input / output styles", " Multi-chip modules", " Package-level interconnect", " VLSI system specification and constraints", " Power and energy", " Thermal issues", " Temperature monitoring", " Temperature simulation and estimation", " Temperature control", " Temperature optimization", " Energy generation and storage", " Batteries", " Fuel-based energy", " Renewable energy", " Reusable energy storage", " Energy distribution", " Energy metering", " Power conversion", " Power networks", " Smart grid", " Impact on the environment", " Power estimation and optimization", " Switching devices power issues", " Interconnect power issues", " Circuits power issues", " Chip-level power issues", " Platform power issues", " Enterprise level and data centers power issues", " Electronic design automation", " High-level and register-transfer level synthesis", " Datapath optimization", " Hardware-software codesign", " Resource binding and sharing", " Operations scheduling", " Hardware description languages and compilation", " Logic synthesis", " Combinational synthesis", " Circuit optimization", " Sequential synthesis", " Technology-mapping", " Transistor-level synthesis", " Modeling and parameter extraction", " Physical design (EDA)", " Clock-network synthesis", " Packaging", " Partitioning and floorplanning", " Placement", " Physical synthesis", " Power grid design", " Wire routing", " Timing analysis", " Electrical-level simulation", " Model-order reduction", " Compact delay models", " Static timing analysis", " Statistical timing analysis", " Transition-based timing analysis", " Methodologies for EDA", " Best practices for EDA", " Design databases for EDA", " Software tools for EDA", " Hardware validation", " Functional verification", " Model checking", " Coverage metrics", " Equivalence checking", " Semi-formal verification", " Simulation and emulation", " Transaction-level verification", " Theorem proving and SAT solving", " Assertion checking", " Physical verification", " Design rule checking", " Layout-versus-schematics", " Power and thermal analysis", " Timing analysis and sign-off", " Post-manufacture validation and debug", " Bug detection, localization and diagnosis", " Bug fixing (hardware)", " Design for debug", " Hardware test", " Analog, mixed-signal and radio frequency test", " Board- and system-level test", " Defect-based test", " Design for testability", " Built-in self-test", " Online test and diagnostics", " Test data compression", " Fault models and test metrics", " Memory test and repair", " Hardware reliability screening", " Test-pattern generation and fault simulation", " Testing with distributed and parallel systems", " Robustness", " Fault tolerance", " Error detection and error correction", " Failure prediction", " Failure recovery, maintenance and self-repair", " Redundancy", " Self-checking mechanisms", " System-level fault tolerance", " Design for manufacturability", " Process variations", " Yield and cost modeling", " Yield and cost optimization", " Hardware reliability", " Aging of circuits and systems", " Circuit hardening", " Early-life failures and infant mortality", " Process, voltage and temperature variations", " Signal integrity and noise analysis", " Transient errors and upsets", " Safety critical systems", " Emerging technologies", " Analysis and design of emerging devices and systems", " Emerging architectures", " Emerging languages and compilers", " Emerging simulation", " Emerging tools and methodologies", " Biology-related information processing", " Bio-embedded electronics", " Neural systems", " Circuit substrates", " III-V compounds", " Carbon based electronics", " Cellular neural networks", " Flexible and printable circuits", " Superconducting circuits", " Electromechanical systems", " Microelectromechanical systems", " Nanoelectromechanical systems", " Emerging interfaces", " Memory and dense storage", " Emerging optical and photonic technologies", " Reversible logic", " Plasmonics", " Quantum technologies", " Single electron devices", " Tunneling devices", " Quantum computation", " Quantum communication and cryptography", " Quantum error correction and fault tolerance", " Quantum dots and cellular automata", " Spintronics and magnetic technologies", " Computer systems organization", " Architectures", " Serial architectures", " Reduced instruction set computing", " Complex instruction set computing", " Superscalar architectures", " Pipeline computing", " Stack machines", " Parallel architectures", " Very long instruction word", " Interconnection architectures", " Multiple instruction, multiple data", " Cellular architectures", " Multiple instruction, single data", " Single instruction, multiple data", " Systolic arrays", " Multicore architectures", " Distributed architectures", " Cloud computing", " Client-server architectures", " n-tier architectures", " Peer-to-peer architectures", " Grid computing", " Other architectures", " Neural networks", " Reconfigurable computing", " Analog computers", " Data flow architectures", " Heterogeneous (hybrid) systems", " Self-organizing autonomic computing", " Optical computing", " Quantum computing", " Molecular computing", " High-level language architectures", " Special purpose systems", " Embedded and cyber-physical systems", " Sensor networks", " Robotics", " Robotic components", " Robotic control", " Evolutionary robotics", " Robotic autonomy", " External interfaces for robotics", " Sensors and actuators", " System on a chip", " Embedded systems", " Firmware", " Embedded hardware", " Embedded software", " Real-time systems", " Real-time operating systems", " Real-time languages", " Real-time system specification", " Real-time system architecture", " Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks", " Reliability", " Availability", " Maintainability and maintenance", " Processors and memory architectures", " Secondary storage organization", " Redundancy", " Fault-tolerant network topologies", " Networks", " Network architectures", " Network design principles", " Layering", " Naming and addressing", " Programming interfaces", " Network protocols", " Network protocol design", " Protocol correctness", " Protocol testing and verification", " Formal specifications", " Link-layer protocols", " Network layer protocols", " Routing protocols", " Signaling protocols", " Transport protocols", " Session protocols", " Presentation protocols", " Application layer protocols", " Peer-to-peer protocols", " OAM protocols", " Time synchronization protocols", " Network policy", " Cross-layer protocols", " Network File System (NFS) protocol", " Network components", " Intermediate nodes", " Routers", " Bridges and switches", " Physical links", " Repeaters", " Middle boxes / network appliances", " End nodes", " Network adapters", " Network servers", " Wireless access points, base stations and infrastructure", " Cognitive radios", " Logical nodes", " Network domains", " Network algorithms", " Data path algorithms", " Packet classification", " Deep packet inspection", " Packet scheduling", " Control path algorithms", " Network resources allocation", " Network control algorithms", " Traffic engineering algorithms", " Network design and planning algorithms", " Network economics", " Network performance evaluation", " Network performance modeling", " Network simulations", " Network experimentation", " Network performance analysis", " Network measurement", " Network properties", " Network security", " Security protocols", " Web protocol security", " Mobile and wireless security", " Denial-of-service attacks", " Firewalls", " Network range", " Short-range networks", " Local area networks", " Metropolitan area networks", " Wide area networks", " Very long-range networks", " Network structure", " Topology analysis and generation", " Physical topologies", " Logical / virtual topologies", " Network topology types", " Point-to-point networks", " Bus networks", " Star networks", " Ring networks", " Token ring networks", " Fiber distributed data interface (FDDI)", " Mesh networks", " Wireless mesh networks", " Hybrid networks", " Network dynamics", " Network reliability", " Error detection and error correction", " Network mobility", " Network manageability", " Network privacy and anonymity", " Network services", " Naming and addressing", " Cloud computing", " Location based services", " Programmable networks", " In-network processing", " Network management", " Network monitoring", " Network types", " Network on chip", " Home networks", " Storage area networks", " Data center networks", " Wired access networks", " Cyber-physical networks", " Sensor networks", " Mobile networks", " Overlay and other logical network structures", " Peer-to-peer networks", " World Wide Web (network structure)", " Social media networks", " Online social networks", " Wireless access networks", " Wireless local area networks", " Wireless personal area networks", " Ad hoc networks", " Mobile ad hoc networks", " Public Internet", " Packet-switching networks", " Software and its engineering", " Software organization and properties", " Contextual software domains", " E-commerce infrastructure", " Software infrastructure", " Interpreters", " Middleware", " Message oriented middleware", " Reflective middleware", " Embedded middleware", " Virtual machines", " Operating systems", " File systems management", " Memory management", " Virtual memory", " Main memory", " Allocation / deallocation strategies", " Garbage collection", " Distributed memory", " Secondary storage", " Process management", " Scheduling", " Deadlocks", " Multithreading", " Multiprocessing / multiprogramming / multitasking", " Monitors", " Mutual exclusion", " Concurrency control", " Power management", " Process synchronization", " Communications management", " Buffering", " Input / output", " Message passing", " Virtual worlds software", " Interactive games", " Virtual worlds training simulations", " Software system structures", " Embedded software", " Software architectures", " n-tier architectures", " Peer-to-peer architectures", " Data flow architectures", " Cooperating communicating processes", " Layered systems", " Publish-subscribe / event-based architectures", " Electronic blackboards", " Simulator / interpreter", " Object oriented architectures", " Tightly coupled architectures", " Space-based architectures", " 3-tier architectures", " Software system models", " Petri nets", " State systems", " Entity relationship modeling", " Model-driven software engineering", " Feature interaction", " Massively parallel systems", " Ultra-large-scale systems", " Distributed systems organizing principles", " Cloud computing", " Client-server architectures", " Grid computing", " Organizing principles for web applications", " Real-time systems software", " Abstraction, modeling and modularity", " Software functional properties", " Correctness", " Synchronization", " Functionality", " Real-time schedulability", " Consistency", " Completeness", " Access protection", " Formal methods", " Model checking", " Software verification", " Automated static analysis", " Dynamic analysis", " Extra-functional properties", " Interoperability", " Software performance", " Software reliability", " Software fault tolerance", " Checkpoint / restart", " Software safety", " Software usability", " Software notations and tools", " General programming languages", " Language types", " Parallel programming languages", " Distributed programming languages", " Imperative languages", " Object oriented languages", " Functional languages", " Concurrent programming languages", " Constraint and logic languages", " Data flow languages", " Extensible languages", " Assembly languages", " Multiparadigm languages", " Very high level languages", " Language features", " Abstract data types", " Polymorphism", " Inheritance", " Control structures", " Data types and structures", " Classes and objects", " Modules / packages", " Constraints", " Recursion", " Concurrent programming structures", " Procedures, functions and subroutines", " Patterns", " Coroutines", " Frameworks", " Formal language definitions", " Syntax", " Semantics", " Compilers", " Interpreters", " Incremental compilers", " Retargetable compilers", " Just-in-time compilers", " Dynamic compilers", " Translator writing systems and compiler generators", " Source code generation", " Runtime environments", " Preprocessors", " Parsers", " Context specific languages", " Markup languages", " Extensible Markup Language (XML)", " Hypertext languages", " Scripting languages", " Domain specific languages", " Specialized application languages", " API languages", " Graphical user interface languages", " Window managers", " Command and control languages", " Macro languages", " Programming by example", " State based definitions", " Visual languages", " Interface definition languages", " System description languages", " Design languages", " Unified Modeling Language (UML)", " Architecture description languages", " System modeling languages", " Orchestration languages", " Integration frameworks", " Specification languages", " Development frameworks and environments", " Object oriented frameworks", " Software as a service orchestration system", " Integrated and visual development environments", " Application specific development environments", " Software configuration management and version control systems", " Software libraries and repositories", " Software maintenance tools", " Software creation and management", " Designing software", " Requirements analysis", " Software design engineering", " Software design tradeoffs", " Software implementation planning", " Software design techniques", " Software development process management", " Software development methods", " Rapid application development", " Agile software development", " Capability Maturity Model", " Waterfall model", " Spiral model", " V-model", " Design patterns", " Risk management", " Software development techniques", " Software prototyping", " Object oriented development", " Flowcharts", " Reusability", " Software product lines", " Error handling and recovery", " Automatic programming", " Genetic programming", " Software verification and validation", " Software prototyping", " Operational analysis", " Software defect analysis", " Software testing and debugging", " Fault tree analysis", " Process validation", " Walkthroughs", " Pair programming", " Use cases", " Acceptance testing", " Traceability", " Formal software verification", " Empirical software validation", " Software post-development issues", " Software reverse engineering", " Documentation", " Backup procedures", " Software evolution", " Software version control", " Maintaining software", " System administration", " Collaboration in software development", " Open source model", " Programming teams", " Search-based software engineering", " Theory of computation", " Models of computation", " Computability", " Lambda calculus", " Turing machines", " Recursive functions", " Probabilistic computation", " Quantum computation theory", " Quantum complexity theory", " Quantum communication complexity", " Quantum query complexity", " Quantum information theory", " Interactive computation", " Streaming models", " Concurrency", " Parallel computing models", " Distributed computing models", " Process calculi", " Timed and hybrid models", " Abstract machines", " Formal languages and automata theory", " Formalisms", " Algebraic language theory", " Rewrite systems", " Automata over infinite objects", " Grammars and context-free languages", " Tree languages", " Automata extensions", " Transducers", " Quantitative automata", " Regular languages", " Computational complexity and cryptography", " Complexity classes", " Problems, reductions and completeness", " Communication complexity", " Circuit complexity", " Oracles and decision trees", " Algebraic complexity theory", " Quantum complexity theory", " Proof complexity", " Interactive proof systems", " Complexity theory and logic", " Cryptographic primitives", " Cryptographic protocols", " Logic", " Logic and verification", " Proof theory", " Modal and temporal logics", " Automated reasoning", " Constraint and logic programming", " Constructive mathematics", " Description logics", " Equational logic and rewriting", " Finite Model Theory", " Higher order logic", " Linear logic", " Programming logic", " Abstraction", " Verification by model checking", " Type theory", " Hoare logic", " Separation logic", " Design and analysis of algorithms", " Graph algorithms analysis", " Network flows", " Sparsification and spanners", " Shortest paths", " Dynamic graph algorithms", " Approximation algorithms analysis", " Scheduling algorithms", " Packing and covering problems", " Routing and network design problems", " Facility location and clustering", " Rounding techniques", " Stochastic approximation", " Numeric approximation algorithms", " Mathematical optimization", " Discrete optimization", " Network optimization", " Optimization with randomized search heuristics", " Simulated annealing", " Evolutionary algorithms", " Tabu search", " Randomized local search", " Continuous optimization", " Linear programming", " Semidefinite programming", " Convex optimization", " Quasiconvex programming and unimodality", " Stochastic control and optimization", " Quadratic programming", " Nonconvex optimization", " Bio-inspired optimization", " Mixed discrete-continuous optimization", " Submodular optimization and polymatroids", " Integer programming", " Bio-inspired optimization", " Non-parametric optimization", " Genetic programming", " Developmental representations", " Data structures design and analysis", " Data compression", " Pattern matching", " Sorting and searching", " Predecessor queries", " Cell probe models and lower bounds", " Online algorithms", " Online learning algorithms", " Scheduling algorithms", " Caching and paging algorithms", " K-server algorithms", " Adversary models", " Parameterized complexity and exact algorithms", " Fixed parameter tractability", " W hierarchy", " Streaming, sublinear and near linear time algorithms", " Bloom filters and hashing", " Sketching and sampling", " Lower bounds and information complexity", " Random order and robust communication complexity", " Nearest neighbor algorithms", " Parallel algorithms", " MapReduce algorithms", " Self-organization", " Shared memory algorithms", " Vector / streaming algorithms", " Massively parallel algorithms", " Distributed algorithms", " MapReduce algorithms", " Self-organization", " Algorithm design techniques", " Backtracking", " Branch-and-bound", " Divide and conquer", " Dynamic programming", " Preconditioning", " Concurrent algorithms", " Randomness, geometry and discrete structures", " Pseudorandomness and derandomization", " Computational geometry", " Generating random combinatorial structures", " Random walks and Markov chains", " Expander graphs and randomness extractors", " Error-correcting codes", " Random projections and metric embeddings", " Random network models", " Random search heuristics", " Theory and algorithms for application domains", " Machine learning theory", " Sample complexity and generalization bounds", " Boolean function learning", " Unsupervised learning and clustering", " Kernel methods", " Support vector machines", " Gaussian processes", " Boosting", " Bayesian analysis", " Inductive inference", " Online learning theory", " Multi-agent learning", " Models of learning", " Query learning", " Structured prediction", " Reinforcement learning", " Sequential decision making", " Inverse reinforcement learning", " Apprenticeship learning", " Multi-agent reinforcement learning", " Adversarial learning", " Active learning", " Semi-supervised learning", " Markov decision processes", " Regret bounds", " Algorithmic game theory and mechanism design", " Social networks", " Algorithmic game theory", " Algorithmic mechanism design", " Solution concepts in game theory", " Exact and approximate computation of equilibria", " Quality of equilibria", " Convergence and learning in games", " Market equilibria", " Computational pricing and auctions", " Representations of games and their complexity", " Network games", " Network formation", " Computational advertising theory", " Database theory", " Data exchange", " Data provenance", " Data modeling", " Database query languages (principles)", " Database constraints theory", " Database interoperability", " Data structures and algorithms for data management", " Database query processing and optimization (theory)", " Data integration", " Logic and databases", " Theory of database privacy and security", " Incomplete, inconsistent, and uncertain databases", " Theory of randomized search heuristics", " Semantics and reasoning", " Program constructs", " Control primitives", " Functional constructs", " Object oriented constructs", " Program schemes", " Type structures", " Program semantics", " Algebraic semantics", " Denotational semantics", " Operational semantics", " Axiomatic semantics", " Action semantics", " Categorical semantics", " Program reasoning", " Invariants", " Program specifications", " Pre- and post-conditions", " Program verification", " Program analysis", " Assertions", " Parsing", " Abstraction", " Mathematics of computing", " Discrete mathematics", " Combinatorics", " Combinatoric problems", " Permutations and combinations", " Combinatorial algorithms", " Generating functions", " Combinatorial optimization", " Combinatorics on words", " Enumeration", " Graph theory", " Trees", " Hypergraphs", " Random graphs", " Graph coloring", " Paths and connectivity problems", " Graph enumeration", " Matchings and factors", " Graphs and surfaces", " Network flows", " Spectra of graphs", " Extremal graph theory", " Matroids and greedoids", " Graph algorithms", " Approximation algorithms", " Probability and statistics", " Probabilistic representations", " Bayesian networks", " Markov networks", " Factor graphs", " Decision diagrams", " Equational models", " Causal networks", " Stochastic differential equations", " Nonparametric representations", " Kernel density estimators", " Spline models", " Bayesian nonparametric models", " Probabilistic inference problems", " Maximum likelihood estimation", " Bayesian computation", " Computing most probable explanation", " Hypothesis testing and confidence interval computation", " Density estimation", " Quantile regression", " Max marginal computation", " Probabilistic reasoning algorithms", " Variable elimination", " Loopy belief propagation", " Variational methods", " Expectation maximization", " Markov-chain Monte Carlo methods", " Gibbs sampling", " Metropolis-Hastings algorithm", " Simulated annealing", " Markov-chain Monte Carlo convergence measures", " Sequential Monte Carlo methods", " Kalman filters and hidden Markov models", " Resampling methods", " Bootstrapping", " Jackknifing", " Random number generation", " Probabilistic algorithms", " Statistical paradigms", " Queueing theory", " Contingency table analysis", " Regression analysis", " Robust regression", " Time series analysis", " Survival analysis", " Renewal theory", " Dimensionality reduction", " Cluster analysis", " Statistical graphics", " Exploratory data analysis", " Stochastic processes", " Markov processes", " Nonparametric statistics", " Distribution functions", " Multivariate statistics", " Mathematical software", " Solvers", " Statistical software", " Mathematical software performance", " Information theory", " Coding theory", " Mathematical analysis", " Numerical analysis", " Computation of transforms", " Computations in finite fields", " Computations on matrices", " Computations on polynomials", " Gr\246bner bases and other special bases", " Number-theoretic computations", " Interpolation", " Numerical differentiation", " Interval arithmetic", " Arbitrary-precision arithmetic", " Automatic differentiation", " Mesh generation", " Discretization", " Mathematical optimization", " Discrete optimization", " Network optimization", " Optimization with randomized search heuristics", " Simulated annealing", " Evolutionary algorithms", " Tabu search", " Randomized local search", " Continuous optimization", " Linear programming", " Semidefinite programming", " Convex optimization", " Quasiconvex programming and unimodality", " Stochastic control and optimization", " Quadratic programming", " Nonconvex optimization", " Bio-inspired optimization", " Mixed discrete-continuous optimization", " Submodular optimization and polymatroids", " Integer programming", " Bio-inspired optimization", " Non-parametric optimization", " Genetic programming", " Developmental representations", " Differential equations", " Ordinary differential equations", " Partial differential equations", " Differential algebraic equations", " Differential variational inequalities", " Calculus", " Lambda calculus", " Differential calculus", " Integral calculus", " Functional analysis", " Approximation", " Integral equations", " Nonlinear equations", " Quadrature", " Continuous mathematics", " Calculus", " Lambda calculus", " Differential calculus", " Integral calculus", " Topology", " Point-set topology", " Algebraic topology", " Geometric topology", " Continuous functions", " Information systems", " Data management systems", " Database design and models", " Relational database model", " Entity relationship models", " Graph-based database models", " Hierarchical data models", " Network data models", " Physical data models", " Data model extensions", " Semi-structured data", " Data streams", " Data provenance", " Incomplete data", " Temporal data", " Uncertainty", " Inconsistent data", " Data structures", " Data access methods", " Multidimensional range search", " Data scans", " Point lookups", " Unidimensional range search", " Proximity search", " Data layout", " Data compression", " Data encryption", " Record and block layout", " Database management system engines", " DBMS engine architectures", " Database query processing", " Query optimization", " Query operators", " Query planning", " Join algorithms", " Database transaction processing", " Data locking", " Transaction logging", " Database recovery", " Record and buffer management", " Parallel and distributed DBMSs", " Key-value stores", " MapReduce-based systems", " Relational parallel and distributed DBMSs", " Triggers and rules", " Database views", " Integrity checking", " Distributed database transactions", " Distributed data locking", " Deadlocks", " Distributed database recovery", " Main memory engines", " Online analytical processing engines", " Stream management", " Query languages", " Relational database query languages", " Structured Query Language", " XML query languages", " XPath", " XQuery", " Query languages for non-relational engines", " MapReduce languages", " Call level interfaces", " Database administration", " Database utilities and tools", " Database performance evaluation", " Autonomous database administration", " Data dictionaries", " Information integration", " Deduplication", " Extraction, transformation and loading", " Data exchange", " Data cleaning", " Wrappers (data mining)", " Mediators and data integration", " Entity resolution", " Data warehouses", " Federated databases", " Middleware for databases", " Database web servers", " Application servers", " Object-relational mapping facilities", " Data federation tools", " Data replication tools", " Distributed transaction monitors", " Message queues", " Service buses", " Enterprise application integration tools", " Middleware business process managers", " Information storage systems", " Information storage technologies", " Magnetic disks", " Magnetic tapes", " Optical / magneto-optical disks", " Storage class memory", " Flash memory", " Phase change memory", " Disk arrays", " Tape libraries", " Record storage systems", " Record storage alternatives", " Heap (data structure)", " Hashed file organization", " Indexed file organization", " Linked lists", " Directory structures", " B-trees", " Vnodes", " Inodes", " Extent-based file structures", " Block / page strategies", " Slotted pages", " Intrapage space management", " Interpage free-space management", " Record layout alternatives", " Fixed length attributes", " Variable length attributes", " Null values in records", " Relational storage", " Horizontal partitioning", " Vertical partitioning", " Column based storage", " Hybrid storage layouts", " Compression strategies", " Storage replication", " Mirroring", " RAID", " Point-in-time copies", " Remote replication", " Storage recovery strategies", " Storage architectures", " Cloud based storage", " Storage network architectures", " Storage area networks", " Direct attached storage", " Network attached storage", " Distributed storage", " Storage management", " Hierarchical storage management", " Storage virtualization", " Information lifecycle management", " Version management", " Storage power management", " Thin provisioning", " Information systems applications", " Enterprise information systems", " Intranets", " Extranets", " Enterprise resource planning", " Enterprise applications", " Data centers", " Collaborative and social computing systems and tools", " Blogs", " Wikis", " Reputation systems", " Open source software", " Social networking sites", " Social tagging systems", " Synchronous editors", " Asynchronous editors", " Spatial-temporal systems", " Location based services", " Geographic information systems", " Sensor networks", " Data streaming", " Global positioning systems", " Decision support systems", " Data warehouses", " Expert systems", " Data analytics", " Online analytical processing", " Mobile information processing systems", " Process control systems", " Multimedia information systems", " Multimedia databases", " Multimedia streaming", " Multimedia content creation", " Massively multiplayer online games", " Data mining", " Data cleaning", " Collaborative filtering", " Association rules", " Clustering", " Nearest-neighbor search", " Data stream mining", " Digital libraries and archives", " Computational advertising", " Computing platforms", " World Wide Web", " Web searching and information discovery", " Web search engines", " Web crawling", " Web indexing", " Page and site ranking", " Spam detection", " Content ranking", " Collaborative filtering", " Social recommendation", " Personalization", " Social tagging", " Online advertising", " Sponsored search advertising", " Content match advertising", " Display advertising", " Social advertising", " Web mining", " Site wrapping", " Data extraction and integration", " Deep web", " Surfacing", " Search results deduplication", " Web log analysis", " Traffic analysis", " Web applications", " Internet communications tools", " Email", " Blogs", " Texting", " Chat", " Web conferencing", " Social networks", " Crowdsourcing", " Answer ranking", " Trust", " Incentive schemes", " Reputation systems", " Electronic commerce", " Digital cash", " E-commerce infrastructure", " Electronic data interchange", " Electronic funds transfer", " Online shopping", " Online banking", " Secure online transactions", " Online auctions", " Web interfaces", " Wikis", " Browsers", " Mashups", " Web services", " Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)", " RESTful web services", " Web Services Description Language (WSDL)", " Universal Description Discovery and Integration (UDDI)", " Service discovery and interfaces", " Web data description languages", " Semantic web description languages", " Resource Description Framework (RDF)", " Web Ontology Language (OWL)", " Markup languages", " Extensible Markup Language (XML)", " Hypertext languages", " Information retrieval", " Document representation", " Document structure", " Document topic models", " Content analysis and feature selection", " Data encoding and canonicalization", " Document collection models", " Ontologies", " Dictionaries", " Thesauri", " Information retrieval query processing", " Query representation", " Query intent", " Query log analysis", " Query suggestion", " Query reformulation", " Users and interactive retrieval", " Personalization", " Task models", " Search interfaces", " Collaborative search", " Retrieval models and ranking", " Rank aggregation", " Probabilistic retrieval models", " Language models", " Similarity measures", " Learning to rank", " Combination, fusion and federated search", " Information retrieval diversity", " Top-k retrieval in databases", " Novelty in information retrieval", " Retrieval tasks and goals", " Question answering", " Document filtering", " Recommender systems", " Information extraction", " Sentiment analysis", " Expert search", " Near-duplicate and plagiarism detection", " Clustering and classification", " Summarization", " Business intelligence", " Evaluation of retrieval results", " Test collections", " Relevance assessment", " Retrieval effectiveness", " Retrieval efficiency", " Presentation of retrieval results", " Search engine architectures and scalability", " Search engine indexing", " Search index compression", " Distributed retrieval", " Peer-to-peer retrieval", " Retrieval on mobile devices", " Adversarial retrieval", " Link and co-citation analysis", " Searching with auxiliary databases", " Specialized information retrieval", " Structure and multilingual text search", " Structured text search", " Mathematics retrieval", " Chemical and biochemical retrieval", " Multilingual and cross-lingual retrieval", " Multimedia and multimodal retrieval", " Image search", " Video search", " Speech / audio search", " Music retrieval", " Environment-specific retrieval", " Enterprise search", " Desktop search", " Web and social media search", " Security and privacy", " Cryptography", " Key management", " Public key (asymmetric) techniques", " Digital signatures", " Public key encryption", " Symmetric cryptography and hash functions", " Block and stream ciphers", " Hash functions and message authentication codes", " Cryptanalysis and other attacks", " Information-theoretic techniques", " Mathematical foundations of cryptography", " Formal methods and theory of security", " Trust frameworks", " Security requirements", " Formal security models", " Logic and verification", " Security services", " Authentication", " Biometrics", " Graphical / visual passwords", " Multi-factor authentication", " Access control", " Pseudonymity, anonymity and untraceability", " Privacy-preserving protocols", " Digital rights management", " Authorization", " Intrusion/anomaly detection and malware mitigation", " Malware and its mitigation", " Intrusion detection systems", " Artificial immune systems", " Social engineering attacks", " Spoofing attacks", " Phishing", " Security in hardware", " Tamper-proof and tamper-resistant designs", " Embedded systems security", " Hardware security implementation", " Hardware-based security protocols", " Hardware attacks and countermeasures", " Malicious design modifications", " Side-channel analysis and countermeasures", " Hardware reverse engineering", " Systems security", " Operating systems security", " Mobile platform security", " Trusted computing", " Virtualization and security", " Browser security", " Distributed systems security", " Information flow control", " Denial-of-service attacks", " Firewalls", " Vulnerability management", " Penetration testing", " Vulnerability scanners", " File system security", " Network security", " Security protocols", " Web protocol security", " Mobile and wireless security", " Denial-of-service attacks", " Firewalls", " Database and storage security", " Data anonymization and sanitization", " Management and querying of encrypted data", " Information accountability and usage control", " Database activity monitoring", " Software and application security", " Software security engineering", " Web application security", " Social network security and privacy", " Domain-specific security and privacy architectures", " Software reverse engineering", " Human and societal aspects of security and privacy", " Economics of security and privacy", " Social aspects of security and privacy", " Privacy protections", " Usability in security and privacy", " Human-centered computing", " Human computer interaction (HCI)", " HCI design and evaluation methods", " User models", " User studies", " Usability testing", " Heuristic evaluations", " Walkthrough evaluations", " Laboratory experiments", " Field studies", " Interaction paradigms", " Hypertext / hypermedia", " Mixed / augmented reality", " Command line interfaces", " Graphical user interfaces", " Virtual reality", " Web-based interaction", " Natural language interfaces", " Collaborative interaction", " Interaction devices", " Graphics input devices", " Displays and imagers", " Sound-based input / output", " Keyboards", " Pointing devices", " Touch screens", " Haptic devices", " HCI theory, concepts and models", " Interaction techniques", " Auditory feedback", " Text input", " Pointing", " Gestural input", " Interactive systems and tools", " User interface management systems", " User interface programming", " User interface toolkits", " Empirical studies in HCI", " Interaction design", " Interaction design process and methods", " User interface design", " User centered design", " Activity centered design", " Scenario-based design", " Participatory design", " Contextual design", " Interface design prototyping", " Interaction design theory, concepts and paradigms", " Empirical studies in interaction design", " Systems and tools for interaction design", " Wireframes", " Collaborative and social computing", " Collaborative and social computing theory, concepts and paradigms", " Social content sharing", " Collaborative content creation", " Collaborative filtering", " Social recommendation", " Social networks", " Social tagging", " Computer supported cooperative work", " Social engineering (social sciences)", " Social navigation", " Social media", " Collaborative and social computing design and evaluation methods", " Social network analysis", " Ethnographic studies", " Collaborative and social computing systems and tools", " Blogs", " Wikis", " Reputation systems", " Open source software", " Social networking sites", " Social tagging systems", " Synchronous editors", " Asynchronous editors", " Empirical studies in collaborative and social computing", " Collaborative and social computing devices", " Ubiquitous and mobile computing", " Ubiquitous and mobile computing theory, concepts and paradigms", " Ubiquitous computing", " Mobile computing", " Ambient intelligence", " Ubiquitous and mobile computing systems and tools", " Ubiquitous and mobile devices", " Smartphones", " Interactive whiteboards", " Mobile phones", " Mobile devices", " Portable media players", " Personal digital assistants", " Handheld game consoles", " E-book readers", " Tablet computers", " Ubiquitous and mobile computing design and evaluation methods", " Empirical studies in ubiquitous and mobile computing", " Visualization", " Visualization techniques", " Treemaps", " Hyperbolic trees", " Heat maps", " Graph drawings", " Dendrograms", " Cladograms", " Visualization application domains", " Scientific visualization", " Visual analytics", " Geographic visualization", " Information visualization", " Visualization systems and tools", " Visualization toolkits", " Visualization theory, concepts and paradigms", " Empirical studies in visualization", " Visualization design and evaluation methods", " Accessibility", " Accessibility theory, concepts and paradigms", " Empirical studies in accessibility", " Accessibility design and evaluation methods", " Accessibility technologies", " Accessibility systems and tools", " Computing methodologies", " Symbolic and algebraic manipulation", " Symbolic and algebraic algorithms", " Combinatorial algorithms", " Algebraic algorithms", " Nonalgebraic algorithms", " Symbolic calculus algorithms", " Exact arithmetic algorithms", " Hybrid symbolic-numeric methods", " Discrete calculus algorithms", " Number theory algorithms", " Equation and inequality solving algorithms", " Linear algebra algorithms", " Theorem proving algorithms", " Boolean algebra algorithms", " Optimization algorithms", " Computer algebra systems", " Special-purpose algebraic systems", " Representation of mathematical objects", " Representation of exact numbers", " Representation of mathematical functions", " Representation of Boolean functions", " Representation of polynomials", " Parallel computing methodologies", " Parallel algorithms", " MapReduce algorithms", " Self-organization", " Shared memory algorithms", " Vector / streaming algorithms", " Massively parallel algorithms", " Parallel programming languages", " Artificial intelligence", " Natural language processing", " Information extraction", " Machine translation", " Discourse, dialogue and pragmatics", " Natural language generation", " Speech recognition", " Lexical semantics", " Phonology / morphology", " Language resources", " Knowledge representation and reasoning", " Description logics", " Semantic networks", " Nonmonotonic, default reasoning and belief revision", " Probabilistic reasoning", " Vagueness and fuzzy logic", " Causal reasoning and diagnostics", " Temporal reasoning", " Cognitive robotics", " Ontology engineering", " Logic programming and answer set programming", " Spatial and physical reasoning", " Reasoning about belief and knowledge", " Planning and scheduling", " Planning for deterministic actions", " Planning under uncertainty", " Multi-agent planning", " Planning with abstraction and generalization", " Robotic planning", " Evolutionary robotics", " Search methodologies", " Heuristic function construction", " Discrete space search", " Continuous space search", " Randomized search", " Game tree search", " Abstraction and micro-operators", " Search with partial observations", " Control methods", " Robotic planning", " Evolutionary robotics", " Computational control theory", " Motion path planning", " Philosophical/theoretical foundations of artificial intelligence", " Cognitive science", " Theory of mind", " Distributed artificial intelligence", " Multi-agent systems", " Intelligent agents", " Mobile agents", " Cooperation and coordination", " Computer vision", " Computer vision tasks", " Biometrics", " Scene understanding", " Activity recognition and understanding", " Video summarization", " Visual content-based indexing and retrieval", " Visual inspection", " Vision for robotics", " Scene anomaly detection", " Image and video acquisition", " Camera calibration", " Epipolar geometry", " Computational photography", " Hyperspectral imaging", " Motion capture", " 3D imaging", " Active vision", " Computer vision representations", " Image representations", " Shape representations", " Appearance and texture representations", " Hierarchical representations", " Computer vision problems", " Interest point and salient region detections", " Image segmentation", " Video segmentation", " Shape inference", " Object detection", " Object recognition", " Object identification", " Tracking", " Reconstruction", " Matching", " Machine learning", " Learning paradigms", " Supervised learning", " Ranking", " Learning to rank", " Supervised learning by classification", " Supervised learning by regression", " Structured outputs", " Cost-sensitive learning", " Unsupervised learning", " Cluster analysis", " Anomaly detection", " Mixture modeling", " Topic modeling", " Source separation", " Motif discovery", " Dimensionality reduction and manifold learning", " Reinforcement learning", " Sequential decision making", " Inverse reinforcement learning", " Apprenticeship learning", " Multi-agent reinforcement learning", " Adversarial learning", " Multi-task learning", " Transfer learning", " Lifelong machine learning", " Learning under covariate shift", " Learning settings", " Batch learning", " Online learning settings", " Learning from demonstrations", " Learning from critiques", " Learning from implicit feedback", " Active learning settings", " Semi-supervised learning settings", " Machine learning approaches", " Classification and regression trees", " Kernel methods", " Support vector machines", " Gaussian processes", " Neural networks", " Logical and relational learning", " Inductive logic learning", " Statistical relational learning", " Learning in probabilistic graphical models", " Maximum likelihood modeling", " Maximum entropy modeling", " Maximum a posteriori modeling", " Mixture models", " Latent variable models", " Bayesian network models", " Learning linear models", " Perceptron algorithm", " Factorization methods", " Non-negative matrix factorization", " Factor analysis", " Principal component analysis", " Canonical correlation analysis", " Latent Dirichlet allocation", " Rule learning", " Instance-based learning", " Markov decision processes", " Partially-observable Markov decision processes", " Stochastic games", " Learning latent representations", " Deep belief networks", " Bio-inspired approaches", " Artificial life", " Evolvable hardware", " Genetic algorithms", " Genetic programming", " Evolutionary robotics", " Generative and developmental approaches", " Machine learning algorithms", " Dynamic programming for Markov decision processes", " Value iteration", " Q-learning", " Policy iteration", " Temporal difference learning", " Approximate dynamic programming methods", " Ensemble methods", " Boosting", " Bagging", " Spectral methods", " Feature selection", " Regularization", " Cross-validation", " Modeling and simulation", " Model development and analysis", " Modeling methodologies", " Model verification and validation", " Uncertainty quantification", " Simulation theory", " Systems theory", " Network science", " Simulation types and techniques", " Uncertainty quantification", " Quantum mechanic simulation", " Molecular simulation", " Rare-event simulation", " Discrete-event simulation", " Agent / discrete models", " Distributed simulation", " Continuous simulation", " Continuous models", " Real-time simulation", " Interactive simulation", " Multiscale systems", " Massively parallel and high-performance simulations", " Data assimilation", " Scientific visualization", " Visual analytics", " Simulation by animation", " Artificial life", " Simulation support systems", " Simulation environments", " Simulation languages", " Simulation tools", " Simulation evaluation", " Computer graphics", " Animation", " Motion capture", " Procedural animation", " Physical simulation", " Motion processing", " Collision detection", " Rendering", " Rasterization", " Ray tracing", " Non-photorealistic rendering", " Reflectance modeling", " Visibility", " Image manipulation", " Computational photography", " Image processing", " Texturing", " Image-based rendering", " Antialiasing", " Graphics systems and interfaces", " Graphics processors", " Graphics input devices", " Mixed / augmented reality", " Perception", " Graphics file formats", " Virtual reality", " Image compression", " Shape modeling", " Mesh models", " Mesh geometry models", " Parametric curve and surface models", " Point-based models", " Volumetric models", " Shape analysis", " Distributed computing methodologies", " Distributed algorithms", " MapReduce algorithms", " Self-organization", " Distributed programming languages", " Concurrent computing methodologies", " Concurrent programming languages", " Concurrent algorithms", " Applied computing", " Electronic commerce", " Digital cash", " E-commerce infrastructure", " Electronic data interchange", " Electronic funds transfer", " Online shopping", " Online banking", " Secure online transactions", " Online auctions", " Enterprise computing", " Enterprise information systems", " Intranets", " Extranets", " Enterprise resource planning", " Enterprise applications", " Data centers", " Business process management", " Business process modeling", " Business process management systems", " Business process monitoring", " Cross-organizational business processes", " Business intelligence", " Enterprise architectures", " Enterprise architecture management", " Enterprise architecture frameworks", " Enterprise architecture modeling", " Service-oriented architectures", " Event-driven architectures", " Business rules", " Enterprise modeling", " Enterprise ontologies, taxonomies and vocabularies", " Enterprise data management", " Reference models", " Business-IT alignment", " IT architectures", " IT governance", " Enterprise computing infrastructures", " Enterprise interoperability", " Enterprise application integration", " Information integration and interoperability", " Physical sciences and engineering", " Aerospace", " Avionics", " Archaeology", " Astronomy", " Chemistry", " Earth and atmospheric sciences", " Environmental sciences", " Engineering", " Computer-aided design", " Physics", " Mathematics and statistics", " Electronics", " Avionics", " Telecommunications", " Internet telephony", " Life and medical sciences", " Computational biology", " Molecular sequence analysis", " Recognition of genes and regulatory elements", " Molecular evolution", " Computational transcriptomics", " Biological networks", " Sequencing and genotyping technologies", " Imaging", " Computational proteomics", " Molecular structural biology", " Computational genomics", " Genomics", " Computational genomics", " Systems biology", " Consumer health", " Health care information systems", " Health informatics", " Bioinformatics", " Metabolomics / metabonomics", " Genetics", " Population genetics", " Proteomics", " Computational proteomics", " Transcriptomics", " Law, social and behavioral sciences", " Anthropology", " Ethnography", " Law", " Psychology", " Economics", " Sociology", " Computer forensics", " Surveillance mechanisms", " Investigation techniques", " Evidence collection, storage and analysis", " Network forensics", " System forensics", " Data recovery", " Arts and humanities", " Fine arts", " Performing arts", " Architecture (buildings)", " Computer-aided design", " Language translation", " Media arts", " Sound and music computing", " Computers in other domains", " Digital libraries and archives", " Publishing", " Military", " Cyberwarfare", " Cartography", " Agriculture", " Computing in government", " Voting / election technologies", " E-government", " Personal computers and PC applications", " Word processors", " Spreadsheets", " Computer games", " Microcomputers", " Operations research", " Consumer products", " Industry and manufacturing", " Supply chain management", " Command and control", " Computer-aided manufacturing", " Decision analysis", " Multi-criterion optimization and decision-making", " Transportation", " Forecasting", " Marketing", " Education", " Digital libraries and archives", " Computer-assisted instruction", " Interactive learning environments", " Collaborative learning", " Learning management systems", " Distance learning", " E-learning", " Computer-managed instruction", " Document management and text processing", " Document searching", " Document management", " Text editing", " Version control", " Document metadata", " Document capture", " Document analysis", " Document scanning", " Graphics recognition and interpretation", " Optical character recognition", " Online handwriting recognition", " Document preparation", " Markup languages", " Extensible Markup Language (XML)", " Hypertext languages", " Annotation", " Format and notation", " Multi / mixed media creation", " Image composition", " Hypertext / hypermedia creation", " Document scripting languages", " Social and professional topics", " Professional topics", " Computing industry", " Industry statistics", " Computer manufacturing", " Sustainability", " Management of computing and information systems", " Project and people management", " Project management techniques", " Project staffing", " Systems planning", " Systems analysis and design", " Systems development", " Computer and information systems training", " Implementation management", " Hardware selection", " Computing equipment management", " Pricing and resource allocation", " Software management", " Software maintenance", " Software selection and adaptation", " System management", " Centralization / decentralization", " Technology audits", " Quality assurance", " Network operations", " File systems management", " Information system economics", " History of computing", " Historical people", " History of hardware", " History of software", " History of programming languages", " History of computing theory", " Computing education", " Computational thinking", " Accreditation", " Model curricula", " Computing education programs", " Information systems education", " Computer science education", " CS1", " Computer engineering education", " Information technology education", " Information science education", " Computational science and engineering education", " Software engineering education", " Informal education", " Computing literacy", " Student assessment", " K-12 education", " Adult education", " Computing and business", " Employment issues", " Automation", " Computer supported cooperative work", " Economic impact", " Offshoring", " Reengineering", " Socio-technical systems", " Computing profession", " Codes of ethics", " Employment issues", " Funding", " Computing occupations", " Computing organizations", " Testing, certification and licensing", " Assistive technologies", " Computing / technology policy", " Intellectual property", " Digital rights management", " Copyrights", " Software reverse engineering", " Patents", " Trademarks", " Internet governance / domain names", " Licensing", " Treaties", " Database protection laws", " Secondary liability", " Soft intellectual property", " Hardware reverse engineering", " Privacy policies", " Censorship", " Pornography", " Hate speech", " Political speech", " Technology and censorship", " Censoring filters", " Surveillance", " Governmental surveillance", " Corporate surveillance", " Commerce policy", " Taxation", " Transborder data flow", " Antitrust and competition", " Governmental regulations", " Online auctions policy", " Consumer products policy", " Network access control", " Censoring filters", " Broadband access", " Net neutrality", " Network access restrictions", " Age-based restrictions", " Acceptable use policy restrictions", " Universal access", " Computer crime", " Social engineering attacks", " Spoofing attacks", " Phishing", " Identity theft", " Financial crime", " Malware / spyware crime", " Government technology policy", " Governmental regulations", " Import / export controls", " Medical information policy", " Medical records", " Personal health records", " Genetic information", " Patient privacy", " Health information exchanges", " Medical technologies", " Remote medicine", " User characteristics", " Race and ethnicity", " Religious orientation", " Gender", " Men", " Women", " Sexual orientation", " People with disabilities", " Geographic characteristics", " Cultural characteristics", " Age", " Children", " Seniors", " Adolescents" ]