diff --git a/daemon/core/emane/emanemanager.py b/daemon/core/emane/emanemanager.py
index 294ae528..c02570c9 100644
--- a/daemon/core/emane/emanemanager.py
+++ b/daemon/core/emane/emanemanager.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import logging
 import os
 import threading
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Type, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Union
 
 from core import utils
 from core.emane.emanemodel import EmaneModel
@@ -126,9 +126,9 @@ class EmaneManager:
         """
         super().__init__()
         self.session: "Session" = session
-        self.nems_to_ifaces: Dict[int, CoreInterface] = {}
-        self.ifaces_to_nems: Dict[CoreInterface, int] = {}
-        self._emane_nets: Dict[int, EmaneNet] = {}
+        self.nems_to_ifaces: dict[int, CoreInterface] = {}
+        self.ifaces_to_nems: dict[CoreInterface, int] = {}
+        self._emane_nets: dict[int, EmaneNet] = {}
         self._emane_node_lock: threading.Lock = threading.Lock()
         # port numbers are allocated from these counters
         self.platformport: int = self.session.options.get_int(
@@ -141,14 +141,14 @@ class EmaneManager:
         self.eventmonthread: Optional[threading.Thread] = None
 
         # model for global EMANE configuration options
-        self.node_configs: Dict[int, Dict[str, Dict[str, str]]] = {}
-        self.node_models: Dict[int, str] = {}
+        self.node_configs: dict[int, dict[str, dict[str, str]]] = {}
+        self.node_models: dict[int, str] = {}
 
         # link  monitor
         self.link_monitor: EmaneLinkMonitor = EmaneLinkMonitor(self)
         # emane event monitoring
-        self.services: Dict[str, EmaneEventService] = {}
-        self.nem_service: Dict[int, EmaneEventService] = {}
+        self.services: dict[str, EmaneEventService] = {}
+        self.nem_service: dict[int, EmaneEventService] = {}
 
     def next_nem_id(self, iface: CoreInterface) -> int:
         nem_id = self.session.options.get_int("nem_id_start")
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class EmaneManager:
 
     def get_config(
         self, key: int, model: str, default: bool = True
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, str]]:
+    ) -> Optional[dict[str, str]]:
         """
         Get the current or default configuration for an emane model.
 
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ class EmaneManager:
             config = model_class.default_values()
         return config
 
-    def set_config(self, key: int, model: str, config: Dict[str, str] = None) -> None:
+    def set_config(self, key: int, model: str, config: dict[str, str] = None) -> None:
         """
         Sets and update the provided configuration against the default model
         or currently set emane model configuration.
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ class EmaneManager:
         model_configs = self.node_configs.setdefault(key, {})
         model_configs[model] = model_config
 
-    def get_model(self, model_name: str) -> Type[EmaneModel]:
+    def get_model(self, model_name: str) -> type[EmaneModel]:
         """
         Convenience method for getting globally loaded emane models.
 
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ class EmaneManager:
 
     def get_iface_config(
         self, emane_net: EmaneNet, iface: CoreInterface
-    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
+    ) -> dict[str, str]:
         """
         Retrieve configuration for a given interface, first checking for interface
         specific config, node specific config, network specific config, and finally
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ class EmaneManager:
                 )
             self._emane_nets[emane_net.id] = emane_net
 
-    def getnodes(self) -> Set[CoreNode]:
+    def getnodes(self) -> set[CoreNode]:
         """
         Return a set of CoreNodes that are linked to an EMANE network,
         e.g. containers having one or more radio interfaces.
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ class EmaneManager:
         self.start_daemon(iface)
         self.install_iface(iface, config)
 
-    def get_ifaces(self) -> List[Tuple[EmaneNet, TunTap]]:
+    def get_ifaces(self) -> list[tuple[EmaneNet, TunTap]]:
         ifaces = []
         for emane_net in self._emane_nets.values():
             if not emane_net.wireless_model:
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ class EmaneManager:
         return sorted(ifaces, key=lambda x: (x[1].node.id, x[1].id))
 
     def setup_control_channels(
-        self, nem_id: int, iface: CoreInterface, config: Dict[str, str]
+        self, nem_id: int, iface: CoreInterface, config: dict[str, str]
     ) -> None:
         node = iface.node
         # setup ota device
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ class EmaneManager:
 
     def get_nem_position(
         self, iface: CoreInterface
-    ) -> Optional[Tuple[int, float, float, int]]:
+    ) -> Optional[tuple[int, float, float, int]]:
         """
         Retrieves nem position for a given interface.
 
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ class EmaneManager:
             event.append(nemid, latitude=lat, longitude=lon, altitude=alt)
             self.publish_event(nemid, event, send_all=True)
 
-    def set_nem_positions(self, moved_ifaces: List[CoreInterface]) -> None:
+    def set_nem_positions(self, moved_ifaces: list[CoreInterface]) -> None:
         """
         Several NEMs have moved, from e.g. a WaypointMobilityModel
         calculation. Generate an EMANE Location Event having several
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ class EmaneManager:
         try:
             with path.open("a") as f:
                 f.write(f"{iface.node.name} {iface.name} {nem_id}\n")
-        except IOError:
+        except OSError:
             logger.exception("error writing to emane nem file")
 
     def links_enabled(self) -> bool:
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ class EmaneManager:
             args = f"{emanecmd} -f {log_file} {platform_xml}"
             node.host_cmd(args, cwd=self.session.directory)
 
-    def install_iface(self, iface: TunTap, config: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    def install_iface(self, iface: TunTap, config: dict[str, str]) -> None:
         external = config.get("external", "0")
         if external == "0":
             iface.set_ips()
diff --git a/daemon/core/emane/emanemanifest.py b/daemon/core/emane/emanemanifest.py
index 0fb5bc17..ea2b05fd 100644
--- a/daemon/core/emane/emanemanifest.py
+++ b/daemon/core/emane/emanemanifest.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, List
 
 from core.config import Configuration
 from core.emulator.enumerations import ConfigDataTypes
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ def _type_value(config_type: str) -> ConfigDataTypes:
     return ConfigDataTypes[config_type]
 
 
-def _get_possible(config_type: str, config_regex: str) -> List[str]:
+def _get_possible(config_type: str, config_regex: str) -> list[str]:
     """
     Retrieve possible config value options based on emane regexes.
 
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ def _get_possible(config_type: str, config_regex: str) -> List[str]:
     return []
 
 
-def _get_default(config_type_name: str, config_value: List[str]) -> str:
+def _get_default(config_type_name: str, config_value: list[str]) -> str:
     """
     Convert default configuration values to one used by core.
 
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ def _get_default(config_type_name: str, config_value: List[str]) -> str:
     return config_default
 
 
-def parse(manifest_path: Path, defaults: Dict[str, str]) -> List[Configuration]:
+def parse(manifest_path: Path, defaults: dict[str, str]) -> list[Configuration]:
     """
     Parses a valid emane manifest file and converts the provided configuration values
     into ones used by core.
diff --git a/daemon/core/emane/emanemodel.py b/daemon/core/emane/emanemodel.py
index cc5b0f4d..4e31d632 100644
--- a/daemon/core/emane/emanemodel.py
+++ b/daemon/core/emane/emanemodel.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Defines Emane Models used within CORE.
 """
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set
+from typing import Optional
 
 from core.config import ConfigBool, ConfigGroup, ConfigString, Configuration
 from core.emane import emanemanifest
@@ -28,38 +28,38 @@ class EmaneModel(WirelessModel):
     # default platform configuration settings
     platform_controlport: str = "controlportendpoint"
     platform_xml: str = "nemmanager.xml"
-    platform_defaults: Dict[str, str] = {
+    platform_defaults: dict[str, str] = {
         "eventservicedevice": DEFAULT_DEV,
         "eventservicegroup": "224.1.2.8:45703",
         "otamanagerdevice": DEFAULT_DEV,
         "otamanagergroup": "224.1.2.8:45702",
     }
-    platform_config: List[Configuration] = []
+    platform_config: list[Configuration] = []
 
     # default mac configuration settings
     mac_library: Optional[str] = None
     mac_xml: Optional[str] = None
-    mac_defaults: Dict[str, str] = {}
-    mac_config: List[Configuration] = []
+    mac_defaults: dict[str, str] = {}
+    mac_config: list[Configuration] = []
 
     # default phy configuration settings, using the universal model
     phy_library: Optional[str] = None
     phy_xml: str = "emanephy.xml"
-    phy_defaults: Dict[str, str] = {
+    phy_defaults: dict[str, str] = {
         "subid": "1",
         "propagationmodel": "2ray",
         "noisemode": "none",
     }
-    phy_config: List[Configuration] = []
+    phy_config: list[Configuration] = []
 
     # support for external configurations
-    external_config: List[Configuration] = [
+    external_config: list[Configuration] = [
         ConfigBool(id="external", default="0"),
         ConfigString(id="platformendpoint", default="127.0.0.1:40001"),
         ConfigString(id="transportendpoint", default="127.0.0.1:50002"),
     ]
 
-    config_ignore: Set[str] = set()
+    config_ignore: set[str] = set()
 
     @classmethod
     def load(cls, emane_prefix: Path) -> None:
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class EmaneModel(WirelessModel):
             cls.platform_config.pop(controlport_index)
 
     @classmethod
-    def configurations(cls) -> List[Configuration]:
+    def configurations(cls) -> list[Configuration]:
         """
         Returns the combination all all configurations (mac, phy, and external).
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class EmaneModel(WirelessModel):
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def config_groups(cls) -> List[ConfigGroup]:
+    def config_groups(cls) -> list[ConfigGroup]:
         """
         Returns the defined configuration groups.
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class EmaneModel(WirelessModel):
             ConfigGroup("External Parameters", phy_len + 1, config_len),
         ]
 
-    def build_xml_files(self, config: Dict[str, str], iface: CoreInterface) -> None:
+    def build_xml_files(self, config: dict[str, str], iface: CoreInterface) -> None:
         """
         Builds xml files for this emane model. Creates a nem.xml file that points to
         both mac.xml and phy.xml definitions.
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class EmaneModel(WirelessModel):
         """
         logger.debug("emane model(%s) has no post setup tasks", self.name)
 
-    def update(self, moved_ifaces: List[CoreInterface]) -> None:
+    def update(self, moved_ifaces: list[CoreInterface]) -> None:
         """
         Invoked from MobilityModel when nodes are moved; this causes
         emane location events to be generated for the nodes in the moved
diff --git a/daemon/core/emane/linkmonitor.py b/daemon/core/emane/linkmonitor.py
index 5ed6d49d..1997e9f8 100644
--- a/daemon/core/emane/linkmonitor.py
+++ b/daemon/core/emane/linkmonitor.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import logging
 import sched
 import threading
 import time
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from lxml import etree
 
@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ NEM_SELF: int = 65535
 
 
 class LossTable:
-    def __init__(self, losses: Dict[float, float]) -> None:
-        self.losses: Dict[float, float] = losses
-        self.sinrs: List[float] = sorted(self.losses.keys())
-        self.loss_lookup: Dict[int, float] = {}
+    def __init__(self, losses: dict[float, float]) -> None:
+        self.losses: dict[float, float] = losses
+        self.sinrs: list[float] = sorted(self.losses.keys())
+        self.loss_lookup: dict[int, float] = {}
         for index, value in enumerate(self.sinrs):
             self.loss_lookup[index] = self.losses[value]
         self.mac_id: Optional[str] = None
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class EmaneClient:
         self.client: shell.ControlPortClient = shell.ControlPortClient(
             self.address, port
         )
-        self.nems: Dict[int, LossTable] = {}
+        self.nems: dict[int, LossTable] = {}
         self.setup()
 
     def setup(self) -> None:
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class EmaneClient:
             self.nems[nem_id] = loss_table
 
     def check_links(
-        self, links: Dict[Tuple[int, int], EmaneLink], loss_threshold: int
+        self, links: dict[tuple[int, int], EmaneLink], loss_threshold: int
     ) -> None:
         for from_nem, loss_table in self.nems.items():
             tables = self.client.getStatisticTable(loss_table.mac_id, (SINR_TABLE,))
@@ -138,11 +138,11 @@ class EmaneClient:
                         link = EmaneLink(from_nem, to_nem, sinr)
                         links[link_key] = link
 
-    def handle_tdma(self, config: Dict[str, Tuple]):
+    def handle_tdma(self, config: dict[str, tuple]):
         pcr = config["pcrcurveuri"][0][0]
         logger.debug("tdma pcr: %s", pcr)
 
-    def handle_80211(self, config: Dict[str, Tuple]) -> LossTable:
+    def handle_80211(self, config: dict[str, tuple]) -> LossTable:
         unicastrate = config["unicastrate"][0][0]
         pcr = config["pcrcurveuri"][0][0]
         logger.debug("80211 pcr: %s", pcr)
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class EmaneClient:
                     losses[sinr] = por
         return LossTable(losses)
 
-    def handle_rfpipe(self, config: Dict[str, Tuple]) -> LossTable:
+    def handle_rfpipe(self, config: dict[str, tuple]) -> LossTable:
         pcr = config["pcrcurveuri"][0][0]
         logger.debug("rfpipe pcr: %s", pcr)
         tree = etree.parse(pcr)
@@ -179,9 +179,9 @@ class EmaneClient:
 class EmaneLinkMonitor:
     def __init__(self, emane_manager: "EmaneManager") -> None:
         self.emane_manager: "EmaneManager" = emane_manager
-        self.clients: List[EmaneClient] = []
-        self.links: Dict[Tuple[int, int], EmaneLink] = {}
-        self.complete_links: Set[Tuple[int, int]] = set()
+        self.clients: list[EmaneClient] = []
+        self.links: dict[tuple[int, int], EmaneLink] = {}
+        self.complete_links: set[tuple[int, int]] = set()
         self.loss_threshold: Optional[int] = None
         self.link_interval: Optional[int] = None
         self.link_timeout: Optional[int] = None
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class EmaneLinkMonitor:
             if client.nems:
                 self.clients.append(client)
 
-    def get_addresses(self) -> List[Tuple[str, int]]:
+    def get_addresses(self) -> list[tuple[str, int]]:
         addresses = []
         nodes = self.emane_manager.getnodes()
         for node in nodes:
@@ -273,25 +273,25 @@ class EmaneLinkMonitor:
         if self.running:
             self.scheduler.enter(self.link_interval, 0, self.check_links)
 
-    def get_complete_id(self, link_id: Tuple[int, int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+    def get_complete_id(self, link_id: tuple[int, int]) -> tuple[int, int]:
         value1, value2 = link_id
         if value1 < value2:
             return value1, value2
         else:
             return value2, value1
 
-    def is_complete_link(self, link_id: Tuple[int, int]) -> bool:
+    def is_complete_link(self, link_id: tuple[int, int]) -> bool:
         reverse_id = link_id[1], link_id[0]
         return link_id in self.links and reverse_id in self.links
 
-    def get_link_label(self, link_id: Tuple[int, int]) -> str:
+    def get_link_label(self, link_id: tuple[int, int]) -> str:
         source_id = tuple(sorted(link_id))
         source_link = self.links[source_id]
         dest_id = link_id[::-1]
         dest_link = self.links[dest_id]
         return f"{source_link.sinr:.1f} / {dest_link.sinr:.1f}"
 
-    def send_link(self, message_type: MessageFlags, link_id: Tuple[int, int]) -> None:
+    def send_link(self, message_type: MessageFlags, link_id: tuple[int, int]) -> None:
         nem1, nem2 = link_id
         link = self.emane_manager.get_nem_link(nem1, nem2, message_type)
         if link:
diff --git a/daemon/core/emane/modelmanager.py b/daemon/core/emane/modelmanager.py
index 989802c4..92dd5b8e 100644
--- a/daemon/core/emane/modelmanager.py
+++ b/daemon/core/emane/modelmanager.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import logging
 import pkgutil
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, List, Type
 
 from core import utils
 from core.emane import models as emane_models
@@ -12,10 +11,10 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class EmaneModelManager:
-    models: Dict[str, Type[EmaneModel]] = {}
+    models: dict[str, type[EmaneModel]] = {}
 
     @classmethod
-    def load_locals(cls, emane_prefix: Path) -> List[str]:
+    def load_locals(cls, emane_prefix: Path) -> list[str]:
         """
         Load local core emane models and make them available.
 
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ class EmaneModelManager:
         return errors
 
     @classmethod
-    def load(cls, path: Path, emane_prefix: Path) -> List[str]:
+    def load(cls, path: Path, emane_prefix: Path) -> list[str]:
         """
         Search and load custom emane models and make them available.
 
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ class EmaneModelManager:
         return errors
 
     @classmethod
-    def get(cls, name: str) -> Type[EmaneModel]:
+    def get(cls, name: str) -> type[EmaneModel]:
         model = cls.models.get(name)
         if model is None:
             raise CoreError(f"emame model does not exist {name}")
diff --git a/daemon/core/emane/models/bypass.py b/daemon/core/emane/models/bypass.py
index 25841114..e8f2ed39 100644
--- a/daemon/core/emane/models/bypass.py
+++ b/daemon/core/emane/models/bypass.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 EMANE Bypass model for CORE
 """
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import List, Set
 
 from core.config import ConfigBool, Configuration
 from core.emane import emanemodel
@@ -12,11 +11,11 @@ class EmaneBypassModel(emanemodel.EmaneModel):
     name: str = "emane_bypass"
 
     # values to ignore, when writing xml files
-    config_ignore: Set[str] = {"none"}
+    config_ignore: set[str] = {"none"}
 
     # mac definitions
     mac_library: str = "bypassmaclayer"
-    mac_config: List[Configuration] = [
+    mac_config: list[Configuration] = [
         ConfigBool(
             id="none",
             default="0",
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ class EmaneBypassModel(emanemodel.EmaneModel):
 
     # phy definitions
     phy_library: str = "bypassphylayer"
-    phy_config: List[Configuration] = []
+    phy_config: list[Configuration] = []
 
     @classmethod
     def load(cls, emane_prefix: Path) -> None:
diff --git a/daemon/core/emane/models/commeffect.py b/daemon/core/emane/models/commeffect.py
index c3f0b07b..aa093a93 100644
--- a/daemon/core/emane/models/commeffect.py
+++ b/daemon/core/emane/models/commeffect.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ commeffect.py: EMANE CommEffect model for CORE
 
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, List
 
 from lxml import etree
 
@@ -42,12 +41,12 @@ class EmaneCommEffectModel(emanemodel.EmaneModel):
     name: str = "emane_commeffect"
     shim_library: str = "commeffectshim"
     shim_xml: str = "commeffectshim.xml"
-    shim_defaults: Dict[str, str] = {}
-    config_shim: List[Configuration] = []
+    shim_defaults: dict[str, str] = {}
+    config_shim: list[Configuration] = []
 
     # comm effect does not need the default phy and external configurations
-    phy_config: List[Configuration] = []
-    external_config: List[Configuration] = []
+    phy_config: list[Configuration] = []
+    external_config: list[Configuration] = []
 
     @classmethod
     def load(cls, emane_prefix: Path) -> None:
@@ -56,11 +55,11 @@ class EmaneCommEffectModel(emanemodel.EmaneModel):
         cls.config_shim = emanemanifest.parse(shim_xml_path, cls.shim_defaults)
 
     @classmethod
-    def configurations(cls) -> List[Configuration]:
+    def configurations(cls) -> list[Configuration]:
         return cls.platform_config + cls.config_shim
 
     @classmethod
-    def config_groups(cls) -> List[ConfigGroup]:
+    def config_groups(cls) -> list[ConfigGroup]:
         platform_len = len(cls.platform_config)
         return [
             ConfigGroup("Platform Parameters", 1, platform_len),
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ class EmaneCommEffectModel(emanemodel.EmaneModel):
             ),
         ]
 
-    def build_xml_files(self, config: Dict[str, str], iface: CoreInterface) -> None:
+    def build_xml_files(self, config: dict[str, str], iface: CoreInterface) -> None:
         """
         Build the necessary nem and commeffect XMLs in the given path.
         If an individual NEM has a nonstandard config, we need to build
diff --git a/daemon/core/emane/models/tdma.py b/daemon/core/emane/models/tdma.py
index c6ac631b..100e960d 100644
--- a/daemon/core/emane/models/tdma.py
+++ b/daemon/core/emane/models/tdma.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ tdma.py: EMANE TDMA model bindings for CORE
 
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Set
 
 from core import constants, utils
 from core.config import ConfigString
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ class EmaneTdmaModel(emanemodel.EmaneModel):
     default_schedule: Path = (
         constants.CORE_DATA_DIR / "examples" / "tdma" / "schedule.xml"
     )
-    config_ignore: Set[str] = {schedule_name}
+    config_ignore: set[str] = {schedule_name}
 
     @classmethod
     def load(cls, emane_prefix: Path) -> None:
diff --git a/daemon/core/emane/nodes.py b/daemon/core/emane/nodes.py
index 7264fe88..ecf684d7 100644
--- a/daemon/core/emane/nodes.py
+++ b/daemon/core/emane/nodes.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ share the same MAC+PHY model.
 import logging
 import time
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Type, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Optional, Union
 
 from core.emulator.data import InterfaceData, LinkData, LinkOptions
 from core.emulator.distributed import DistributedServer
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class EmaneNet(CoreNetworkBase):
     def unlink(self, iface1: CoreInterface, iface2: CoreInterface) -> None:
         pass
 
-    def updatemodel(self, config: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    def updatemodel(self, config: dict[str, str]) -> None:
         """
         Update configuration for the current model.
 
@@ -212,8 +212,8 @@ class EmaneNet(CoreNetworkBase):
 
     def setmodel(
         self,
-        model: Union[Type["EmaneModel"], Type["WayPointMobility"]],
-        config: Dict[str, str],
+        model: Union[type["EmaneModel"], type["WayPointMobility"]],
+        config: dict[str, str],
     ) -> None:
         """
         set the EmaneModel associated with this node
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ class EmaneNet(CoreNetworkBase):
             self.mobility = model(session=self.session, _id=self.id)
             self.mobility.update_config(config)
 
-    def links(self, flags: MessageFlags = MessageFlags.NONE) -> List[LinkData]:
+    def links(self, flags: MessageFlags = MessageFlags.NONE) -> list[LinkData]:
         links = []
         emane_manager = self.session.emane
         # gather current emane links