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4a1s/DAA/PL - Aula 1.md

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+21 Setembro 2023 - #DAA
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+- ## Types of Data
+  
+  -Numerical
+	- Discrete Data ({1,2,3,...})
+	- Continuous Data (\[1, +$\infty$])
+- *Categorical* (binary, languages, ...)
+- **Ordinal** (ratings of 1 to 5)
+  
+  *not-scaled
+  **scaled
+  
+  #+BEGIN_EXAMPLE - Qual o tipo de dado que representa a quantidade de gasóleo?
+  Numérico: continuous data
+  #+END_EXAMPLE 
+  
+  >[!example]- Qual o tipo de dado que representa a quantidade de gasóleo?
+  >Numérico: continuous data
+  
+  >[!example]- Qual o tipo de dado que representa a nacionalidade?
+  >Categórico
+  
+  >[!example]- Qual o tipo de dado que representa a idade?
+  >Numérico: discreto
+- ## Mean, Median & Mode
+- #+BEGIN_TIP
+  A mean in math is the average of a data set, found by adding all numbers together and then dividing the sum of the numbers by the number of numbers
+  #+END_TIP
+- >[!hint]+
+  >A **mean** in math is the average of a data set, found by adding all numbers together and then dividing the sum of the numbers by the number of numbers.
+- ## Standard Deviation & Variance
+- ## Probability Density functions
+- ## Percentiles
+  
+  There are 3 important percentiles:
+- 50% - median
+- 25% - 1st percentile
+- 75% - 3rd percentile
+  
+  >[!note]+
+  >These 3 percentiles allow the creation of box plot graphs. These specific graphs allow the discovery and presentation of outliers.
+- ## Covariance & Correlation
+  
+  >[!hint]+
+  >**Covariance** measures the direction of a relationship between two variables, while **correlation** measures the strength of that relationship.
+  
+  Covariance is hard to interpret, thus correlation is used instead.
+  In a dataset, correlations >0.5 are considerable.
+  
+  >[!caution] Correlation does not mean causation!
+- ## Practical session of the class: miniconda
+  IDEs: PyCharm, VS Code, (Jupyter - not recommended)
+  
+  Depois de instalar o miniconda, correr os seguintes comandos:
+- conda create --name daaEnv python=3.10
+- conda activate daaEnv
+- python --version
+- conda install pandas
+- conda install xlrd
+- conda install xlwt
+- conda install matplotlib
+- conda install seaborn
+- conda install scikit-learn
+- conda install jupyterlab
+- conda list
+- ## Resource links
+- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average
+- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median
+- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_(statistics)
+- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation
+- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance
+- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_density_function
+- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentile
+- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance
+- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation